Efficient cause: that by which some change is brought about

Final cause: end or purpose for which a change is produced

Material cause: that in which a change is brought about

Formal cause: that into which something is changed.

Example: A statue is produced by a sculptor (efficient cause) by imposing changes upon a piece of marble (material cause) for the purpose of possessing a beautiful object (final cause), the marble thereby acquiring the form, or distinctive properties, of a stature (formal cause).